Pesquisando por: ""editorias:Historia"" - Fotoarena - Agência de fotojornalismo

HISL045_EC518 Bodies of dead Filipino Muslims killed at the First Battle of Bud Dajo during the Moro Rebellion, 1907. This was the deadliest battle of the Moro War, in which only 6 survived of the 800 to 1,000 Moros at Bud Dajo. The Moros, equipped only with knifes and spears, were attacked with rifles, bayonets, artillery and Gatlings guns. US causalities were under 25 killed and 75 wounded (BSLOC_2017_10_98)

HISL045_EC517 Captain John Pershing standing behind the Rajamunda of Marahai and his slave, holding an umbrella over the Rajamunda. Photo was taken during Pershings trip along Lake Lanao with he Capt. James Ryan (2nd from right), his successor. Nov. 30, 1902. At far left is Pershings interpreter, Leon Fernandez (BSLOC_2017_10_97)

HISL045_EC519 Prayer Before the Surrender as Filipino men surrender their weapons. US army photo from the Dept. of Mindanao and Jole, the Islamic Islands in the Southern Philippines. In Sept. 1911, Gen. John Pershing the ordered the disarmament of the Southern Philippines by December 1, 1911 (BSLOC_2017_10_99)

HISL045_EC514 Datu Piang, chief of 10,000 followers in the Colabato hills of Mindanao, Philippine Islands, with American Officers. Ca. 1899-1900. He was a non-royal son of a Chinese father and Moro mother who accepted American authority without strife (BSLOC_2017_10_94)

HISL045_EC515 Moros, Muslim people of the southern Philippines, resisted the benign assimilation sought by their new American colonizers in 1900-1913. US militarys decade long effort to change their culture to fit Western norms resulted in a the Moro Rebellion (BSLOC_2017_10_95)

HISL045_EC516 Gen. Samuel Sumners conference with Sultans of Bayang and Oato, at Camp Vicars, Mindanao, P.I. 1902. Capt. John Pershing, in his campaign hat, stands in center behind one Sultan. US occupation forces sought to bring change Moro society in the southern Islamic Philippines, specifically to end Moro practice of Sharia law, polygamy, slavery, woman stealing, and piracy (BSLOC_2017_10_96)

HISL045_EC512 Manuel Quezon in 1912 when he was Resident Commissioner of the Philippines. He was in the US attending the Democratic National Convention in Baltimore. In 1935 he was elected President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines (BSLOC_2017_10_92)

HISL045_EC511 The Philippines Assembly in session, c. 1907. The popularly elected legislature was established by the US Congress Philippine Organic Act of 1902 as the lower house of government, subordinated to the US appointed Philippine Commission. The Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916 (Jones Act) replaced the Commission with an elected Philippine Senate (BSLOC_2017_10_91)

HISL045_EC513 Revolutionary leaders marking the 30th anniversary of the Philippine Republic in 1929. Emilio Aguinaldo (seated, center) with ten of the delegates to the first Assembly of Representatives that passed the Constitucion Politica de la Republica Filipina on Jan. 21, 1899. They pose in Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church in Malolos, the site of the First Philippine Congress, where they drafted the constitution (BSLOC_2017_10_93)

HISL045_EC508 Peace commissioners after finalizing the Treaty of Paris, ending the Spanish American War. Dec. 10, 1898. It guaranteed Cuban independence but transferred Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, to the United States (BSLOC_2017_10_89)

HISL045_EC509 HONOR TO MCKINLEY! Political cartoon from Puck Magazine, Mar. 23, 1898. President William McKinley resists the hawkish Pulitzer and Hearst newspaper headlines urging war with Spain after the explosion of the USS MAINE in Havana Harbor on Feb. 15, 1898 (BSLOC_2017_10_9)

HISL045_EC510 The popularly elected Philippines Assembly in its first session from 1908 to 1911. In 1916 the Philippine Senate replaced the US appointed Philippine Commission in a move toward greater Philippine autonomy (BSLOC_2017_10_90)

HISL045_EC505 American soldiers in a ward of the 2nd Reserve Hospital, Philippines. Of the 4,200 American fatalities in the Philippine-American War, the majority were a result of disease (BSLOC_2017_10_86)

HISL045_EC507 William R. Day signing of the peace protocol of the Spanish-American War, on Aug. 12, 1898. President William McKinley stands 5th from right in the Cabinet Room, White House, Washington, D.C. (BSLOC_2017_10_88)

HISL045_EC506 22nd US Infantry at Camp Wallace, Philippine Islands in 1902. 126,000 American soldiers served in the Philippine-American War from 1899-1902, with 4,200 fatalities (BSLOC_2017_10_87)

HISL045_EC503 American soldiers entrenched against the Filipinos insurgents in 1899, Philippine-American War (BSLOC_2017_10_84)

HISL045_EC504 Gatling gun trained on the Filipinos, near Manila, in Philippine-American War in 1899. The Gatling gun is an early rapid-fire spring loaded, hand cranked, forerunner of the machine gun (BSLOC_2017_10_85)

HISL045_EC502 American soldiers entrenched against the Filipinos insurgents during the Philippine-American War. Ca. 1899-1900 (BSLOC_2017_10_83)

HISL045_EC501 17th Infantry going to the front in a train during the Philippine-American War. Following the first six months of the war in 1899, the Filipino insurgents moved to the northern interior and adopted guerrilla tactics (BSLOC_2017_10_82)

HISL045_EC500 Col. Funston and 20th Kansas volunteers crossing the Pampanga river under heavy fire. Battle of Calumpit, was fought from April 25?27, 1899, during the Philippine-American War, after the Battle of Quingua. The expedition, resulted in the capture of Emilio Aguinaldo, and his subsequent agreement to cease fighting and to swear allegiance to the US. In upper right is a portrait of Col. Fred Funston, who received the Medal of Honor for establishing a rope ferry to pull rafts across the river while under heavy fire (BSLOC_2017_10_81)

HISL045_EC497 Filipino insurgents as prisoners of war at Pasig, Philippine Islands, 1899. These 19 men were some of 175 POWs taken in the March 14-15, 1899, in the first organized US campaign of the Philippine-American War, the 2nd Battle of Manilla. 12 American soldiers look on from then background (BSLOC_2017_10_79)

HISL045_EC496 California and Idaho troops in churchyard at San Pedro Macati, in Pasig, March 14-15, 1899. During the 2nd Battle of Manilla, in the first organized US campaign of the Philippine-American War, the church was used as a hospital and campground for American soldiers (BSLOC_2017_10_78)

HISL045_EC498 PATIENT WAITER ARE NO LOSERS, political cartoon from Puck Magazine, Jan. 13, 1897. Uncle Sam waits beneath an apple tree wearing a sombrero, where apples are labeled Hawaii, Canada, Cuba, and Central America. Sam already has apples labeled Louisiana, Texas, California, Alaska, and Florida in his gathering basket (BSLOC_2017_10_8)

HISL045_EC499 American troops advancing on Filipino troops behind earthworks at the Battle of Quingua. Philippine-American War, April 23, 1899. American troops are fired on by Filipino troops behind earthworks, killing Col. John M. Stotsenburg, who falls from his horse. The Filipinos forced the US soldiers to retreat (BSLOC_2017_10_80)

HISL045_EC495 Oregon Volunteer Infantry on firing line, Pasig, Philippine Islands, March 14-15, 1899. The picture was taken just before a general advance during the Philippine-American War. The soldiers are armed with 45-70 caliber Springfield trapdoor rifles (BSLOC_2017_10_77)

HISL045_EC494 SMASHED! American political cartoon prematurely declaring victory over Philippine insurgency. March 8, 1899. A giant American gloved fist holds down Filipino leader, Emilio Aguinaldo. In fact, the Philippine-American War had just begun in February 1899 and would continue until July 1902 (BSLOC_2017_10_76)

HISL045_EC493 Major General Arthur MacArthur (2nd from left) and his staff in the Philippines, 1898. The father of Gen. Douglas MacArthur, served in the Civil War, Indian Wars, and Spanish American War. Both Arthur and his son Douglas were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor (BSLOC_2017_10_75)

HISL045_EC491 Battle of Caloocan, (2nd Battle of Manilla), Feb. 10, 1899, Philippine-American War. Battery of the Utah Artillery is in the middle foreground. The Tenth Pennsylvania Volunteers, of Gen. Arthur MacArthurs Division, is behind the wall. Major General Arthur MacArthur stands in the background on the inner wall, to right of Chinese Church. Drawn from life by G. R. Peters (BSLOC_2017_10_73)

HISL045_EC490 Filipino casualties on the first day of Philippine-American War, Feb. 5, 1899. Insurgent dead fell in the trench near Santa Ana, Feb. 5, 1899. Photo shows a small portion of the circular trench. 238 Filipinos were killed in the Battle of Manila, with US deaths at 55 (BSLOC_2017_10_72)

HISL045_EC492 20th Kansas Volunteers marching through Caloocan at night after the battle of Feb. 10, 1899. Colonel Frederick Funstons unit guards an ammunition-train. Battle of Caloocan (2nd Battle of Manilla) took place 12 miles north of Manilla, during the Philippine-American War, between US occupation troops and Filipino insurgents, who retreated toward their capital, Malolos (BSLOC_2017_10_74)

HISL045_EC486 Emilio Aguinaldo, Philippine nationalist and President of the First Philippine Republic. He led rebellions against Spanish and American colonial occupations from 1896-1900. He is considered the first President of the Philippines, from his election by anti-Spanish Rebels at the Tejeros Convention, on March 22, 1897 (BSLOC_2017_10_69)

HISL045_EC487 Evangelina Cossia y Cisneros was imprisoned as a rebel during the Cuban War of Independence. Her October 1897 escape was aided and reported by Karl Decker of William Randolph Hearsts hawkish NEW YORK JOURNAL. In 1970, Evangelina was given a full military funeral in Cuba, as one of the last heroes of the Cuban War of Independence (BSLOC_2017_10_7)

HISL045_EC489 Philippine-American War fighting began on Feb. 4, 1899. Utah Battery on McCloud Hill, February 5, 1899, was firing on Insurgents on San Juan Bridge. A soldier of this unit was killed near this gun a few minutes after this photo shot. Battle of Manila, the first and largest battle of the Philippine?American War, was fought between 19,000 Americans and 15,000 Filipinos (BSLOC_2017_10_71)

HISL045_EC488 Philippine revolutionary soldiers fire in the trenches at Malate, Philippines, in Feb. 1899. This was the beginning of the Philippine-American War, prompted by US denial of Filipino claims for national independence (BSLOC_2017_10_70)

HISL045_EC484 Spanish prisoners of war eating in US captivity in Manila, 1898. The Philippine revolutionary soldiers led by Emilio Aguinaldo turned over 15,000 Spanish POWs to the Americans in May-June 1898. Filipinos fought in the countryside as informal US allies against the Spanish, while the Deweys fleet awaited the arrival of US Expeditionary force (BSLOC_2017_10_67)

HISL045_EC485 Philippine nationalists, including Emilio Aguinaldo (first row, 3rd from right), ca. 1896-97. In August 1896 an anti-colonialist insurgency began against Spanish rule, during which the rebels elected Aguinaldo as the president of the First Philippine Republic on March 22, 1897 (BSLOC_2017_10_68)

HISL045_EC482 Battle of Malate, Philippine Islands, on the night of July 31, 1898, during the Spanish American War. This was the first fight of the mock Battle of Manila, in which Spanish forces attacked the American entrenchments of 10th Pennsylvania and Utah Artillery. With reinforcement of the Third US Artillery, the Spanish were repelled and the US position was held. 10 Americans were killed and 46 wounded (BSLOC_2017_10_65)

HISL045_EC481 Wreck of Reina Christina, the Spanish flagship, after Battle of Manila Bay, May 1, 1898 (BSLOC_2017_10_64)

HISL045_EC483 American troops after the flag raising Fort San Antonio de Abad, Malate, Manila, on August 13, 1898. US and Spanish commanders agreed to a choreographed engagement, the mock Battle of Manila, after which the Spanish quickly surrendered to save soldiers lives and Spanish honor. With an easy battle, US did not need the help of the Philippine Revolutionary army, and prevented their entry into Manila, thus weakening their claim for national independence (BSLOC_2017_10_66)

HISL045_EC479 The Battle of Manila Bay, was the first fighting of the Spanish American war. May 1, 1898. Passing back and forth in front of the Spanish fleet, the Americans bombarded the Spanish, sinking all of the fleet and disabling their shore batteries. This was the first major battle of the Spanish-American War (BSLOC_2017_10_62)

HISL045_EC480 Admiral George Dewey, was commander of the US Asiatic Squadron on April 25, 1898. Over the previous four months his fleet prepared for the Spanish American War. He became an war hero with his overwelming victory in the Battle of Manila Bay, May 1, 1898 (BSLOC_2017_10_63)

HISL045_EC478 US Asiatic Squadron delivers the last broadside to the Spanish Pacific fleet, May 1, 1898. The Spanish fleet, was outgunned and out-armored by the U.S. fleet in the Battle of Manila Bay. This was the first major battle of the Spanish-American War (BSLOC_2017_10_61)

HISL045_EC477 American soldiers graves in Cuba, c. 1898. From May 1898 until April 1899, US forces experienced 968 battle casualties and 5,438 deaths from disease in the Spanish American War (BSLOC_2017_10_60)

HISL045_EC474 Spanish and American military officers in a plaza in Santiago de Cuba during surrender ceremony, July 17, 1898 (BSLOC_2017_10_58)

HISL045_EC473 Spanish prisoners aboard the collier (coal ship) Abarenda at Guantanamo, June 14, 1898. US agreed to transport the Spanish garrison back to Spain in terms of surrender at Santiago (BSLOC_2017_10_57)

HISL045_EC476 Child victim of starvation in Cuba during the Cuban War of Independence, 1895-1898. The Spanish colonial government sought to isolate Cuban insurgents by forced internment of civilians in towns, cities and camps, where disease and hunger killed 155,000 to 170,000, nearly 10 percent of the population (BSLOC_2017_10_6)

HISL045_EC475 Mens ward in a yellow fever hospital, Havana, Cuba, ca. 1899 (BSLOC_2017_10_59)

HISL045_EC472 Primitive conditions in the last Spanish POW camp in Cienfuegos, Cuba ca. 1898. US agreed to transport the Spanish garrison back to Spain in terms of surrender at Santiago (BSLOC_2017_10_56)

HISL045_EC471 Wounded Spanish prisoners at Brigade hospital on San Juan Hill, Cuba, July 3, 1898 (BSLOC_2017_10_55)

HISL045_EC469 US artillery, shelling at Coamo, on August 9, 1898, while advancing into Puerto Rican interior. The American invaders opposition in inconclusive fighting during the Spanish American War (BSLOC_2017_10_53)

HISL045_EC468 Amphibious landing at Arroyo, Puerto Rico, August 3, 1898 during the Spanish American War. US soldiers of Company C, 4th Ohio Volunteer Infantry transfer to boats from the cruiser USS ST PAUL, seven miles off the coast (BSLOC_2017_10_52)

HISL045_EC470 Spanish troops leaving Mayagues, to engage the American forces at Hormiguero, Puerto Rico. August 10, 1898. They outnumbered the US Forces in a surprise ambush. After the Americans recovered, the Spanish troops retreated north. Mayaguez was captured the next day during the Spanish American War (BSLOC_2017_10_54)

HISL045_EC466 Crew of the USS Texas, posing with ammunition. During the Battle of Santiago on July 3, 1898, the battleships shelled and disabled the Spanish cruisers Vizcaya and Cristobal Colon (BSLOC_2017_10_50)

HISL045_EC467 Bombardment of San Juan, Puerto Rico, May 12, 1898 lasted for 3 hours. US Admiral William Sampsons main objective was to engage the Spanish Fleet. Failing in that, he attacked San Juan?s fortifications, loosing 2 US sailors and killing 8 civilians. Sec. of Navy Long noted the attack inflicted little damage with much expensive ammunition (BSLOC_2017_10_51)

HISL045_EC465 Execution scene at the arsenal in Santiago, Cuba. Photo taken by E.C. Rost of US Army, ca. 1899 (BSLOC_2017_10_5)

HISL045_EC463 Destruction of Spanish fleet after it left Santiago Bay on July 3, 1898. Faced with capture or destruction when the US occupied the city of Santiago, they risked battle with the blockading US Squadron. The Spanish lost all their ships, suffering 350 dead, and 160 wounded (BSLOC_2017_10_48)

HISL045_EC464 Oquendo and Maria Teresa, aground and burning during the Battle of Santiago, Spanish American War. July 3, 1898. The US destroyed the Spanish fleet, gaining control of the sea, leaving the Spanish troops stranded, and leading to Spanish surrender (BSLOC_2017_10_49)

HISL045_EC462 Destruction of Spanish fleet after it left Santiago Bay on July 3, 1898. Faced with capture or destruction when the US occupied the city of Santiago, they risked battle with the blockading US Squadron. The Spanish lost all their ships, suffering 350 dead, and 160 wounded (BSLOC_2017_10_47)

HISL045_EC461 US Naval officer Richard Hobson and six sailors under Spanish fire after sinking the USS Merrimac. While attempting to sink a Navy coal ship to block Spanish fleet in the Santiago harbor, they were hampered by Spanish defenders and captured. Hobson became a newspaper hero and served in Congress from 1907-1915 (BSLOC_2017_10_46)

HISL045_EC459 Cubans soldiers in their trenches in Pinar del Rio, the westernmost province of Cuba, ca. 1899 (BSLOC_2017_10_44)

HISL045_EC460 Spain?s torpedo boat flotilla en route to Caribbean, May 1898. Spanish squadron, commanded by Admiral Pascual Cervera, entered the port of Santiago de Cuba on May 19 only to be trapped by a US Navy blockade of the port of Santiago de Cuba on May 27, 1898 (BSLOC_2017_10_45)

HISL045_EC457 Gen. Nelson Miles, had Presidential ambitions after his victories in the Spanish-American War. He established his military reputation in the US Civil War and the Indian War. He was the commanding General over the Massacre of Wounded Knee on Dec. 29, 1890 (BSLOC_2017_10_42)

HISL045_EC455 Cuban refugees from the besieged city of Santiago at El Caney, Cuba. On July 4, a cease fire allowed 20,000 citizens to evacuate the city (BSLOC_2017_10_40)

HISL045_EC456 US troops cheering the news of the surrender of Santiago, Cuba, on July 16, 1898. The joint US Navy and Army Santiago campaign ended with the Spanish fleet destroyed and soldiers stranded without possible resupply. The US plan to take the war to Havana was scrapped by the US-Spanish Peace protocol of Aug. 12, 1898 (BSLOC_2017_10_41)

HISL045_EC458 Uniformed Cuban soldiers in the field with their flag and weapons. The multi-racial group is at Guanabacoa, east of Havana, ca. 1899 (BSLOC_2017_10_43)

HISL045_EC454 General Jose Antonio Maceo was a commander in the Cuban Army of Independence. Maceo lead regular and guerrilla forces against Spanish forces until his death in Dec. 1896 (BSLOC_2017_10_4)

HISL045_EC452 THE ROUGH RIDERS, Puck Magazine illustration, July 27, 1898. The non-factual made-up image in this political cartoon depicts Theodore Roosevelt leading a charge, trampling tiny Spanish soldiers underfoot during the Spanish American War in Cuba (BSLOC_2017_10_38)

HISL045_EC453 In the American trenches before Santiago during a truce, in July 1898. On the high ground above the city and harbor of Santiago, soldiers near trenches topped with sandbags and rifles ready for firing; one man standing in the center is waving his hat. Spanish American War in Cuba (BSLOC_2017_10_39)

HISL045_EC449 African Americans of the 9th and 10th Cavalry Regiments during the Battle of San Juan Hill. They charged the block house at San Juan Heights, July 1, 1898, during the Spanish American War in Cuba (BSLOC_2017_10_35)

HISL045_EC450 African Americans of Troop C, Ninth US Cavalry, with Capt. Taylor, leading the charge. In the background is the blockhouse at San Juan Heights. July 1, 1898, Battle of San Juan Hill, during the Spanish American War in Cuba (BSLOC_2017_10_36)

HISL045_EC448 Illustration of the assault of the dismounted Rough Riders during the Battle of San Juan Hill. July 1, 1898, Spanish-American War, during the Siege of Santiago (BSLOC_2017_10_34)

HISL045_EC451 THE ROUGH RIDERS, Puck Magazine illustration, July 27, 1898. The non-factual made-up image in this political cartoon depicts Theodore Roosevelt leading a charge, trampling tiny Spanish soldiers underfoot, during the Spanish American War in Cuba (BSLOC_2017_10_37)

HISL045_EC446 US soldiers engaged in battle at El Pozo Centra, half a mile from the action on San Juan Hill. Four cannons fired from El Pozo supported the attack on San Juan Hill, July 1, 1898, during the Spanish-American War in Cuba. Wash drawing by William Glackens (BSLOC_2017_10_32)

HISL045_EC443 General Maximo Gomez, was a Cuban commander in Ten Years War (1868?78) against Spain. He served again in the Cuban War of Independence (1895?98) (BSLOC_2017_10_3)

HISL045_EC444 Soldiers below the field on which the Battle of San Juan Hill was fought on July 1, 1898. A column of solders walks on the road below. Defensive trenches, gun positions and the blockhouse were captured in one action of the Siege of Santiago, with the strategic objective to besiege and capture of the city of Santiago de Cuba during the Spanish American War (BSLOC_2017_10_30)

HISL045_EC445 US 16th Infantry under Spanish fire in San Juan creek bottom, during the Battle of San Juan Hill. July 1, 1898, Spanish-American War, during the Siege of Santiago (BSLOC_2017_10_31)

HISL045_EC447 Captain George Grime?s battery going up El Pozo Hill to support the advance against Santiago Heights. July 1, 1898. Spanish-American War, during the Siege of Santiago (BSLOC_2017_10_33)

HISL045_EC440 Rough Riders at the Battle of Guasimas, June 24, 1898. The first fighting in the Santiago campaign started when US troops attacked Spanish positions outside of Santiago de Cuba. The Spanish were already in retreat, which the battle interrupted, with at the cost of 27 dead and 57 wounded to enemy losses of 14 dead and 14 wounded. Theodore Roosevelt is second standing Rough Rider from left (BSLOC_2017_10_27)

HISL045_EC441 Battle of El Caney was fought on July 1, 1898, during the Spanish?American War in Cuba. US Forces captured the town and installations to support the main attack on the San Juan Heights. In the background are Spanish ships blockaded in the Santiago Bay by US Navy at far right. The US military used observation balloons during the Santiago Campaign (BSLOC_2017_10_28)

HISL045_EC442 Battle of El Caney was fought on July 1, 1898, during the Spanish?American War in Cuba. US Forces captured the town and installations to support the main attack on the San Juan Heights. In the background are Spanish ships blockaded in the Santiago Bay by US Navy at far right. The US military used observation balloons during the Santiago Campaign (BSLOC_2017_10_29)

HISL045_EC436 Col. Theodore Roosevelt and Richard Harding Davis in Tampa, Florida, June 1898. Davis was a good friend of Theodore Roosevelt, and he aided TRs postwar political ascent by publicizing the exploits of the Rough Riders (BSLOC_2017_10_23)

HISL045_EC438 African American soldiers in quarantine at Camp Wikoff, Montauk, with 20,000 others veterans. After the Spanish American war, many were recovering from battle wounds, yellow fever, malaria and typhoid. The quarantine lasted from mid-August to late October, 1898, and included Theodore Roosevelts Rough Riders (BSLOC_2017_10_25)

HISL045_EC439 Birdseye view of the Santiago Campaign of the Spanish American War. The Spanish fleet trapped by US blockade, and US troops are fighting for positions at Santiago de Cuba. On July 1, 1898 the army besieged the city of Santiago. One of the fights to capture the San Juan Heights was the Battle of San Juan Hill (BSLOC_2017_10_26)

HISL045_EC437 Staff of the 1st US Volunteer Regiment in Tampa Florida with Confederate General Joe Wheeler. Photo was taken in May 1898 before their embarkation for Cuba. L-R: Major Alexander Oswald Brodie; Taylor MacDonald, General Joe Wheeler (with beard); Journalist Richard Harding Davis; Col. Leonard Wood; Lt. Col. Theodore Roosevelt (BSLOC_2017_10_24)

HISL045_EC434 Graves of three of the six Marines killed in the Battle of Camp McCalla at Guantanamo, June 14, 1898. Two pickets on outpost duty, Privates William Dumphy and James McCol were the first killed. Acting Assistant Surgeon John Blair Gibbs was killed in an evening firefight in which artillery and machine gun fire was used to defend the American encampment (BSLOC_2017_10_21)

HISL045_EC435 Theodore Roosevelt, Leonard Wood, and Alexander Brodie in 1898, in San Antonio, Texas. Wood and Roosevelt organized the 1st Volunteer Cavalry regiment, the Rough Riders, when the Spanish?American War. Brodie, a career officier, raised the Arizona Division of the Rough Riders. The 1st Volunteer Cavalry trained in San Antonio in April-May 1898 (BSLOC_2017_10_22)

HISL045_EC433 Hoisting the flag at Guantanamo, June 12, 1898 during the Battle of Camp McCalla. The Marines invaded on June 6th, and supported by 3 ships of the US Navy, withstood the resistance of Spanish troops, with six Marines killed in action (BSLOC_2017_10_20)

HISL045_EC430 US Marines at Guantanamo repelling a midnight attack of Spanish troops on June 12, 1898. During 2 nights of the Battle of Camp McCalla, the searchlight of the USS MARBLEHEAD, illuminated the brush from which the Spanish were firing. Six Marines were killed, the first US battle casualties of the declared Spanish American War (BSLOC_2017_10_18)

HISL045_EC431 Guantanamo Marines under Lieut. Col. Huntington the Battle of Camp McCalla, June 11-13, 1898. This battle drew the first blood of the declared Spanish American War (BSLOC_2017_10_19)

HISL045_EC432 Charge of Cuban insurgents against Spanish in the Cuban War of Independence, 1895-98. By 1897, Spain had sent 200,000 soldiers to Cuba, but was unable to defeat the revolt (BSLOC_2017_10_2)

HISL045_EC428 Nine loaded transports moving out into Tampa Bay in June 1898. They were destined for the southeast coast of Cuba to prevent the Spanish forces at Santiago from coordinating actions with forces in western Cuba (BSLOC_2017_10_16)

HISL045_EC426 African American soldiers in formation at Camp Meade, Pennsylvania, May 1899. African Americans, most from the southern states, volunteered hoping that military service would improve their civil rights. In Cuba they were called the Immunes due to their under 10% rates of yellow fever, compared to the 75% for white soldiers (BSLOC_2017_10_14)

HISL045_EC427 Rough Riders arrival at Tampa, Florida for transport to Cuba. Theodore Roosevelts 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry, struggled to find room on the troop ships, with only eight of the twelve companies making it to the war zone. June 23, 1898 (BSLOC_2017_10_15)

HISL045_EC429 Distant view of US Maines landing at Guantanamo, Cuba, on June 6-10, 1898. The light cruiser USS MARBLEHEAD, and the auxiliary cruisers USS ST. LOUIS and USS YANKEE took part in the Battle of Guantanamo Bay (BSLOC_2017_10_17)

HISL045_EC424 Destruction of the U.S. battleship Maine in Havana Harbor Feb. 15, 1898. At top are inserted images: General view of the Maine anchored in Havana Harbor; portraits of Admiral Sicard and Captain Sigsbee; and recovering the dead sailors bodies (BSLOC_2017_10_12)

HISL045_EC425 Destruction of the U.S. battleship Maine in Havana Harbor Feb. 15, 1898. (BSLOC_2017_10_13)

HISL045_EC423 MOVING DAY IN OLD NEW YORK, by Unknown Artist, 1827, American painting, oil on wood panel. In 1820, a tradition became a law, which required all NYC rental leased to expire on May 1st. The humorous painting shows incidents of the ensuing disruption (BSLOC_2017_10_114)

HISL045_EC421 WASHINGTON REVIEWING THE WESTERN ARMY, by Kemmelmeyer,Fred., 1796-99, American oil painting. The troops were mobilized to put down the Whiskey Rebellion in western Pennsylvania on Oct. 16, 1794. The rebellion was short lived, but important as an early test of the new Federal Government (BSLOC_2017_10_112)

HISL045_EC419 CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, by Sebastiano del Piombo, 1519, Italian painting, oil on canvas. The inscription stating the sitter as Columbus was probably added after the painting was made and identification of the sitter is debated. The link to Columbus was strengthened when Theodor de Bry published an engraved portrait of Columbus based on this painting (BSLOC_2017_10_110)

HISL045_EC422 JAMES MONROE, by Gilbert Stuart, 1820-22, American painting, oil on canvas. The fifth President of the United States is depicted at a desk with books and papers, and red drapery (BSLOC_2017_10_113)