Pesquisando por: "Isaac Newton, English physicist" - Fotoarena - Agência de fotojornalismo

UIG1579651 Engraving of a statue of Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727) English physicist and mathematician. Dated 1860.

LLM971717 Isaac Newton. Illustration for Hombres Y Mujeres Celebres by D Juan Landa (D J Seix, 1877). Chromolithograph of finest quality.

GIA4792234 Isaac Newton (1642-1727) English physicist using his telescope.

FIT955212 Sir Isaac Newton PRS MP (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727) was an English physicist and mathematician who is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution.

FIT955211 Sir Isaac Newton PRS MP (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727) was an English physicist and mathematician who is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution.

GRC1126491 Engraving of Sir Isaac Newton by Burnet Reading, after a painting by Sir Peter Lely, 1799. Portrait depicts Isaac Newton at the time he was granted a degree at Trinity College in 1677.

XEE4406354 The English physicist Isaac Newton (1642-1727) decomposing light with a prism of glass. Engraving from 1880.

UIS5064407 Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist, 1689. Oil painting by Thomas Barlow, 1863, after the original by Sir Godfrey Kneller of 1689. Newton (1642-1727) graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1665, becoming Lucasian Professor of Mathematics there in 1669. His theories, published in his treatise 'The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy' in 1687, exerted a huge influence on science. They included the three laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the law of cooling. As a mathematican, Newton also discovered the binomial theorem and differential calculus. His work was unique, pointing physics in a new direction and giving mathematical expression to physical phenomena. He was knighted in 1705 by Queen Anne (1665-1714) and is buried at Westminster Abbey. ©SSPL/Science Museum

UIS5064774 "Opticks" by Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist, 1704. Title page of this great work which explored the properties of light. Newton (1642-1727) found that by refracting light through a prism, white light was dispersed into its constituent colours. If one colour was selected and refracted through a second prism, no further colours were introduced, showing that colours were a property of light and not the prism. Newton's discovery that it was impossible to focus an image distinctly using a single lens led him to build the world's first reflecting telescope. He also discovered the three laws of motion, the theory of gravitation, the law of cooling, the binomial theorem and differential calculus. His work was unique, pointing physics in a new direction and giving mathematical expression to physical phenomena. ©SSPL/Science Museum

UIS5072541 Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist, 1702. Oil on canvas painting. Newton (1642-1727) graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1665. The following year he began his experiments into the nature of light as well as working on his ideas of planetary motion. In 1667 he returned to Cambridge and in 1669 became Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. His theories, published in 'The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy' (1687), exerted a huge influence on science. They included the three laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the law of cooling. Newton also discovered the binomial theorem and differential calculus. His work was unique, pointing physics in a new direction and giving mathematical expression to physical phenomena. ©SSPL/Science Museum

XJF867973 Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1726/7)

UIG5305258 Portrait of Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727) an English mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. Dated 18th Century.

XOS2635591

GRC1202030 Vintage illustration of Isaac Newton; chromolithograph, 1923.

XEE4407476 Portrait of Isaac Newton (1642-1727) English physicist.

WAG451656 Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian.

XEE4117187 Portrait of Isaac Newton (1642-1727), English mathematician, physicist and astronomer.

CCI2638875 Sciences. Coll. Part.

LLE5233629 Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727), English physicist, mathematician and astronomer. After a painting by Sir Godfrey Kneller.

PFH2635592 Sir Isaac Newton PRS MP (25 December 1642 - 20 March 1726) was an English physicist and mathematician (described in his own day as a 'natural philosopher') who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica ('Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy'), first published in 1687, laid the foundations for classical mechanics. Newton made seminal contributions to optics, and he shares credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of calculus.

GIA4813801 Isaac Newton (1642-1727), English mathematician, physicist and astronomer, finds the theory of gravitation by observing the fall of an apple tree, an illustration of the 19th century.

XLA3770327 Isaac Newton-portrait-English mathematician, physicist, astronomer and philosopher, 25 December 1642-20 March 1727

XLA3766460 Isaac Newton, portrait. English mathematician, physicist, astronomer and philosopher, 25 December 1642-20 March 1727-Newton 's telescope also shown.

XLA3761862 Isaac Newton, portrait. English mathematician, physicist, astronomer and philosopher, 25 December 1642-20 March 1727-Newton 's telescope also shown.

LLM1091436 Isaac Newton (1642-1727), English physicist and mathematician. French educational card, late 19th/early 20th century. From a series on benefactors of humanity.

LLM974612 Isaac Newton (1642-1727), English physicist and mathematician, conceiving his theory of gravity from watching an apple fall to earth. Educational card, late 19th or early 20th century.

LLM974246 Isaac Newton (1642-1727), English physicist and mathematician. Educational card, late 19th or early 20th century.

RER4397991 Portrait de Isaac Newton (1642-1727)

UIS5071221 Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist, 1702. Engraving by J Smith, 1712, after an original oil painting by Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1702. Newton (1642-1727) graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1665, becoming Lucasian Professor of Mathematics there in 1669. His theories, published in his treatise 'The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy' in 1687, exerted a huge influence on science. They included the three laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the law of cooling. As a mathematican, Newton also discovered the binomial theorem and differential calculus. His work was unique, pointing physics in a new direction and giving mathematical expression to physical phenomena. He was knighted in 1705 by Queen Anne (1665-1714) and is buried at Westminster Abbey. ©SSPL/Science Museum

XRH1730150 Sir Isaac Newton PRS (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author widely recognised as one of the greatest mathematicians and physicists of all time and among the most influential scientists.

XJF867826 Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727), English physicist and mathematician best known for his work on gravity and calculus. Inscription reads: 'Hypotheses non fingo', or 'I feign no hypotheses', a phrase from Newton's General Scholium.

UIG5311277 Date: 1919

UIS5070999 Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist, c 1725. Drawn by G M Brighty after an engraving by George Romney, based on an original oil painting by John Vanderbank. Newton (1642-1727) graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1665, becoming Lucasian Professor of Mathematics there in 1669. His theories, published in his treatise 'The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy' in 1687, exerted a huge influence on science. They included the three laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the law of cooling. As a mathematican, Newton also discovered the binomial theorem and differential calculus. His work was unique, pointing physics in a new direction and giving mathematical expression to physical phenomena. Published by C G Dyer of Compton Street, London on 1 August 1817. ©SSPL/Science Museum

XEE4403602 Sir Isaac Newton PRS (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author (described in his time as a "natural philosopher").

LAL278852 Isaac Newton (1642-1727) President of the Royal Society; English mathematical scientist;

XEE4107279 Portrait of Isaac Newton Seated in an Armchair - Engraving, 19th century

UIS5084494 Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist, 1666. Stipple engraving by Meadows, 1809, after a painting by George Romney, 1796. Newton (1642-1727) graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1665. The following year he began his experiments into the nature of light as well as working on his ideas of planetary motion. In 1667 he returned to Cambridge and in 1669 became Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. His theories, published in 'The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy' (1687), exerted a huge influence on science. They included the three laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the law of cooling. Newton also discovered the binomial theorem and differential calculus. His work was unique, pointing physics in a new direction and giving mathematical expression to physical phenomena. ©SSPL/Science Museum

UIS5062244 Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist, 1712. Engraving by J Smith after the painting by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1665, becoming Lucasian Professor of Mathematics there in 1669. His theories, published in his treatise 'The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy' in 1687, exerted a huge influence on science. They included the three laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the law of cooling. As a mathematican, Newton also discovered the binomial theorem and differential calculus. His work was unique, pointing physics in a new direction and giving mathematical expression to physical phenomena. ©SSPL/Science Museum

XYC277140 Isaac Newton (1642-1727) President of the Royal Society; English mathematical scientist;

UIS5075810 Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist, 1727. Engraving from Sir David Brewster's 'Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton', 1855, after Roubilliac's death mask. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1665, becoming Lucasian Professor of Mathematics there in 1669. His theories, published in his treatise 'The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy' in 1687, exerted a huge influence on science. They included the three laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the law of cooling. As a mathematican, Newton also discovered the binomial theorem and differential calculus. His work was unique, pointing physics in a new direction and giving mathematical expression to physical phenomena. ©SSPL/Science Museum

GIA4719038 Portrait of Isaac Newton (1642-1727) English physicist - Sir Isaac Newton 1642-1727, English physicist and mathematician

UIS5075809 Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist, 1727. Engraving from Weld's History of the Royal Society, 1848, after Roubilliac's death mask. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1665, becoming Lucasian Professor of Mathematics there in 1669. His theories, published in his treatise 'The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy' in 1687, exerted a huge influence on science. They included the three laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the law of cooling. As a mathematican, Newton also discovered the binomial theorem and differential calculus. His work was unique, pointing physics in a new direction and giving mathematical expression to physical phenomena. ©SSPL/Science Museum

UIS5078251 Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist, 1712. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1665, becoming Lucasian Professor of Mathematics there in 1669. His theories, published in his treatise 'The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy' in 1687, exerted a huge influence on science. They included the three laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the law of cooling. As a mathematican, Newton also discovered the binomial theorem and differential calculus. His work was unique, pointing physics in a new direction and giving mathematical expression to physical phenomena. ©SSPL/Science Museum

XLA3773639 Isaac Newton. Portrait of the English mathematician, physicist, astronomer and philosopher. 4 January 1643-31 March 1727Gestalten Der Weltgeschichte-Orange Book with cigarette cards, 1933

CCI1811799 Isaac Newton (1642-1727) english mathematician, physicist and astronomer, author of the theory of terrestrial universal attraction, painting by Goldschmit (1847) after G. Kneller

LLM7190987 Sir Isaac Newton. One of a set of portraits of historical figures that appeared in the supplement to Teachers World (Evans Brothers, late 1930s).

XYC277113 Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727); President of the Royal Society; English mathematical scientist;

NCO6211538 English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian and author, Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1726/27).

LLM668986 Isaac Newton, 17th-18th Century English physicist.

ELD4838881 Isaac Newton (1642-1727), English mathematician, physicist and astronomer, finds the theory of gravitation by observing the fall of an apple tree, 1667 (The apple incident: Isaac Newton, English scientist and mathematician inspired to formulate his theory of gravitation by watching the fall of an apple from a tree) Engraving 1880 Collection privee

GRC2630121 Portrait of Sir Isaac Newton after Godrey Kneller (English, 1646-1723); engraving, 1689.

UIS5078247 Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist, c 1689. Oil painting after the original painting by Sir Godfrey Kneller of 1689. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1665, becoming Lucasian Professor of Mathematics there in 1669. His theories, published in his treatise 'The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy' in 1687, exerted a huge influence on science. They included the three laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the law of cooling. As a mathematican, Newton also discovered the binomial theorem and differential calculus. His work was unique, pointing physics in a new direction and giving mathematical expression to physical phenomena. ©SSPL/Science Museum

UIS5075831 Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist, c 1720. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1665, becoming Lucasian Professor of Mathematics there in 1669. His theories, published in his treatise 'The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy' in 1687, exerted a huge influence on science. They included the three laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the law of cooling. As a mathematican, Newton also discovered the binomial theorem and differential calculus. His work was unique, pointing physics in a new direction and giving mathematical expression to physical phenomena. ©SSPL/Science Museum

UIS5075803 Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist, c 1725. Engraving by Romney after the painting by J Vanderbank. Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1665, becoming Lucasian Professor of Mathematics there in 1669. His theories, published in his treatise 'The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy' in 1687, exerted a huge influence on science. They included the three laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the law of cooling. As a mathematican, Newton also discovered the binomial theorem and differential calculus. His work was unique, pointing physics in a new direction and giving mathematical expression to physical phenomena. ©SSPL/Science Museum

UIS5075806 Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist, c 1720. Engraving from Sir David Brewster's 'Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton', 1855, after Roubilliac's statue. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1665, becoming Lucasian Professor of Mathematics there in 1669. His theories, published in his treatise 'The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy' in 1687, exerted a huge influence on science. They included the three laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the law of cooling. As a mathematican, Newton also discovered the binomial theorem and differential calculus. His work was unique, pointing physics in a new direction and giving mathematical expression to physical phenomena. ©SSPL/Science Museum

UIS5075817 Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist, c 1715. Engraving by Bell after the painting by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1665, becoming Lucasian Professor of Mathematics there in 1669. His theories, published in his treatise 'The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy' in 1687, exerted a huge influence on science. They included the three laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the law of cooling. As a mathematican, Newton also discovered the binomial theorem and differential calculus. His work was unique, pointing physics in a new direction and giving mathematical expression to physical phenomena. ©SSPL/Science Museum

UIS5075820 Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist, c 1700. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1665, becoming Lucasian Professor of Mathematics there in 1669. His theories, published in his treatise 'The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy' in 1687, exerted a huge influence on science. They included the three laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the law of cooling. As a mathematican, Newton also discovered the binomial theorem and differential calculus. His work was unique, pointing physics in a new direction and giving mathematical expression to physical phenomena. ©SSPL/Science Museum

UIS5075822 Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist, c 1710. Engraving after the painting by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1665, becoming Lucasian Professor of Mathematics there in 1669. His theories, published in his treatise 'The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy' in 1687, exerted a huge influence on science. They included the three laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the law of cooling. As a mathematican, Newton also discovered the binomial theorem and differential calculus. His work was unique, pointing physics in a new direction and giving mathematical expression to physical phenomena. ©SSPL/Science Museum

UIS5091140 Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist, c 1700. Engraving by J Houbraker after a painting by Sir Godfrey Kneller (1646-1723). Isaac Newton (1642-1727) graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1665, becoming Lucasian Professor of Mathematics there in 1669. His theories, published in his treatise 'The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy' in 1687, exerted a huge influence on science. They included the three laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the law of cooling. As a mathematican, Newton also discovered the binomial theorem and differential calculus. His work was unique, pointing physics in a new direction and giving mathematical expression to physical phenomena. ©SSPL/Science Museum

LLM968586 Isaac Newton and gravity. Liebig card, from a series on the origins of famous scientific discoveries, published in late 19th or early 20th century.

UIG5307341 Wedgewood medallion of Isaac Newton on blue Jaspar Ware. Isaac Newton (1643-1727) an English mathematician, astronomer, theologian and physicist. Dated 18th century.

MOU275468 Isaac Newton (1642-1727) President of the Royal Society; English mathematical scientist;

KWE2657642 Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) English physicist and mathematical scientist.

LLM666704 Sir Isaac Newton. Illustration from The Gallery of Portraits (Charles Knight, 1836). Digitally cleaned image.

PVD1679712 Isaac Newton (1642-1727) english mathematician, physicist and astronomer, author of the theory of terrestrial universal attraction, engraving

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LLM976603 The boyhood of Sir Isaac Newton. Illustration for The Picture Book (Educational Book Company, c 1920).

XEE4162620 Portrait of Sir Isaac Newton 1642-1727, English physicist and mathematician - From series “” Leaders of Men” - Chromolithography - English School, 20th century -

JAB9223649 1643-1727, Isaac Newton, english mathematician, physicist, astronomerEngraving 1864

UIS5067946 Title page to Newton's 'Principia Mathematica', 1687. Book One of English physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton's (1642-1727) 'Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica' applies the laws of motion to the behaviour of bodies. Book Two continues with the motion of resisted bodies in fluids and with the behaviour of fluids themselves. Book Three ('The System of the World') applies the Law of Universal Gravitation to the motion of planets, moons and comets within the Solar System. The 'Principia' (1687) established Newton's reputation as a great scientist. His discoveries were prolific and hugely influential on science and thought. He also wrote on the law of cooling, the binomial theorem and the calculus. ©SSPL/Science Museum

FIA5402788 Portrait of Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) by Anonymous, 1710 - Oil on canvas, 69,3x56,2 - Private Collection

UIS5067959 Dedication page of Newton's 'Principia Mathematica', 1687. Dedication in Latin to King Charles II (1630-1685). The 'Principia' (1687) established English physicist and mathematician Newton's (1642-1727) reputation as a great scientist. His discoveries were prolific and exerted a huge influence on science and thought: they include the three laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the law of cooling. As a mathematician Newton discovered the binomial theorem and the calculus. ©SSPL/Science Museum

XEE4173654 Portrait and discovery of the solar system by Isaac Newton (1642-1727), English physicist

UIS5067951 Inside title page to Newton's 'Principia Mathematica', 1687. Book One of English physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton's (1642-1727) 'Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica' applies the laws of motion to the behaviour of bodies. Book Two continues with the motion of resisted bodies in fluids and with the behaviour of fluids themselves. Book Three ('The System of the World') applies the Law of Universal Gravitation to the motion of planets, moons and comets within the Solar System. The 'Principia' (1687) established Newton's reputation as a great scientist. His discoveries were prolific and hugely influential on science and thought. He also wrote on the law of cooling, the binomial theorem and the calculus. ©SSPL/Science Museum

XLF3792637 Sir Isaac Newton, portrait, b. 4 January 1643 d. 31 March 1727.Cassell's History of England, vol. III, From the Great Rebellion to the Fall of Marlborough, p.169

LLM976606 Sir Isaac Newton sits dreaming. Illustration for The Picture Book (Educational Book Company, c 1920).

XEE4411089 Portrait of Isaac Newton (1642-1727). Chromolithography of the late 19th century.

XLA3751974 Sir Isaac Newton and the theory of gravity-sitting next to an apple tree with falling apples. English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, theologian. Wrote Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Published in 1687. 4 January 1643-31 March 1727. (advert for Liebig)

TRI98489 by Robert HannahSir Isaac Newton (1642-1726/27): English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian and author

PFH4072274 Sir Isaac Newton PRS MP (25 December 1642 - 20 March 1726) was an English physicist and mathematician (described in his own day as a 'natural philosopher') who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica ('Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy'), first published in 1687, laid the foundations for classical mechanics. Newton made seminal contributions to optics, and he shares credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of calculus.

XEE4139748 Gravitation: portrait of Isaac Newton (1642-1727) who discovered the laws of gravity (gravite). Anonymous illustration from 1925. Private collection.

XEE4140529 The colours: solar spectrum studied by Isaac Newton (1642-1727). Anonymous illustration from 1925. Private collection.

BYD3849892 Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1726) was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer and theologian.

XAL885758 Sir Isaac Newton was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author who was described in his time as a natural philosopher.

XEE4139764 Gravitation: Newton's apple. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) observes an apple falling from an apple tree and discovers the laws of earth gravity (gravite). Anonymous illustration from 1925. Private collection.

PML114368 Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, engraved by Edward Scriven (1775-1841)

LIP8676528 Statue of Sir Isaac Newton, by William Theed, erected on St Peter's Hill, Grantham, Lincolnshire. Illustration from The Illustrated News of the World, 2 October 1858.

BAL4910 Sir Isaac Newton by Godfrey Kneller is a portrait painting of the famous physicist and mathematician.

GEG1783076 Isaac Newton (1642-1727) english mathematician, physicist and astronomer, author of the theory of terrestrial universal attraction, engraving

XLF3787676 Isaac Newton - pictured with astronomer observing a lunar eclipse, early 18th century. Portrait illustration on Liebig collectible card (French series title: 'Astronomes'/'Astronomers'). 1906. IN: English physicist, natural philosopher, mathematician and astronomer, 25 December 1642 - 20 March 1727.Astronomers I S846 (F845)

BYD3849890 Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1726) was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer and theologian.

BYD3849893 Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1726) was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer and theologian.

LLM979585 Sir Isaac Newton sees an apple fall. Illustration for Popular Science edited by Arthur Mee (Amalgamated Press, 1913).

PVD1684265 Isaac Newton (1642-1727) english mathematician, physicist and astronomer, author of the theory of terrestrial universal attraction, here dispersing light with a glass prism, engraving

PFH3519210 Francois-Marie Arouet (21 November 1694 - 30 May 1778), more commonly known by his nom de plume Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment historian, philosopher and writer. He was famous for his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of speech and separation of church and state, often attacking the Catholic Church through his wit and writings.Voltaire was a prolific and versatile writer, with more than 20,000 letters and over 2,000 books and pamphlets to his name, as well as plays, poems, essays and historical and scientific works. Despite the strict censorship laws of the time, Voltaire often spoke up in favour of civil liberties, and regularly used satire to criticise intolerance, religious dogma and other pillars of French institutions of his day.

PVD1688368 Isaac Newton (1642-1727) English scientist and mathematician, using a prism to break white light into spectrum. With Cambridge room mate John Wickins. Engraving of 1874. engraving colourized document

LLE817365 Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1726), English physicist, mathematician and astronomer.

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XEE4164319 Isaac Newton (1642-1727), English mathematician and astronomer, discovering the notion of earth gravity through an apple falling from an apple tree of Woolsthorpe.

UIG3729095 Sir Isaac Newton, 1642 - 1726, was an English mathematician, astronomer, and physicist, natural philosopher, who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and a key figure in the scientific revolution, digital improved reproduction of a woodcut from the year 1885.